Thyroid nodule is the common manifestation of various thyroid diseases has become a common disease , how to diagnose correctly in earlier period is more important for the choice of clinical treatment and prognosis. With the development of ultrasonic medical technology, the ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) technique is a new technology developed gradually in recent years, combining two-dimensional ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, which has the characteristics of small trauma, safety and effectiveness, and US-FNAB has gradually become a very important method of identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Here is to make a review for the application of thyroid nodules on two-dimensional ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasonic elastography.