Objective The morphologic properties of carotid artery were analyzed and the related risk factors were preliminarily evaluated in kidney transplant recipients （KTR). Methods Thirty-one KTR(KTR group), 31 patients with end-stage renal disease who supported by hemodialysis and were matched at cumulative time on dialysis to KTR group(hemodialysis group), and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls (control group) were involved in this study. The carotid intima-media thickness（CIMT）and diameter（CCAD）of right carotid arteries were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency. The risk factors of CIMT and CCAD were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis; and the independent factors influencing on the CIMT and CCAD were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results ①Compared with the KTR group [（480.5±90.3）μm] and control group [（529.7±131.8）μm ], hemodialysis group [（561.9±147.7）μm ]had significantly more thickening CIMT(all P＜0.05). ②Compared with KTR group [7.9±0.8）mm] and control group[（7.50±1.0）mm]，hemodialysis group [（8.6±0.8）mm] had significantly wider CCAD(all P＜0.05). ③ Age，weight，SBP and some hemodynamic parameters were positively correlated to CIMT and CCAD, respectively; and they were independent risk factors of CIMT and CCAD, respectively. Conclusion After successful kidney transplantation，the morphologic properties of carotid artery may partly go back to normal. Age，weight，SBP and some hemodynamic parameters contribute to the vascular altered.