To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of ultrasonogaphy of 106 cases of flow insufficiency of autogenous arteriovenous fistula （AVF） in hematodialysis patients. Methods Ultrasonography was performed in 106 cases of AVF flow insufficiency in hematodialysis patients，in which the feeding arteries，the anastomotic stomas，the draining veins and the collateral circulation were evaluated by gray-scale ultrasonography and the blood filling，direction and velocity in vessels were evaluated by ultrasonic Doppler imaging. Results Among the 106 cases of AVF flow insufficiency，ultrasonography showed stenosis of draining veins of upper limb in 67 cases （54.5%），thrombosis of draining veins of upper limb in 24 cases （19.5%），anastomotic stenosis in 23 cases （18.7%），stenosis or embolism of central veins in 5 cases （4.1%），stenosis of feeding arteries in 2 cases （1.6%），hematoma of the soft tissue around anastomotic stoma in 1 case （0.8%），and increased dorsal venous rete of hand in 1 case （0.8%），respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonography has definite clinical value that it helps to diagnose the causes of AVF flow insufficiency in hematodialysis patients.