Objective This study was aimed to evaluate left ventricular longitudinal strain(LS) in overweight and obese population by layer-specific deformation analysis, and to investigate possible influence factors of LS. Methods Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI) was performed on enrolled healthy, overweight and obese groups(34 subjects in each group) to analyze cardiac function. Results Gradient feature of LS across left ventricular wall was among three groups, that was subendocardial myocardial layer>mid-myocardial myocardial layer>subepicardial myocardial layer(P<0.01). Compared with healthy group, the three-layer LS decreased in obese group(P<0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that BMI was independently correlated with LS-Endo, LS-Mid, LS-Epi. Waist to hip ratio(WHR) was independently correlated with LS-Endo, LS-Mid(P<0.05). Conclusion Gradient feature of LS across left ventricular wall was among three groups. Myocardial longitudinal systolic function was impaired in obese group. Moreover, BMI and WHR may be independent influence factors of longitudinal systolic function in overweight and obese population.