Objective To evaluate the local therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BRFA) for benign thyroid nodules. Methods 56 patients with 56 benign thyroid nodules were treated with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation. The local therapeutic efficacy were observed with 1, 3, 6 month after the treatment. Nodule volume, thyroid function and clinical symptoms of all the patients were compared before treatment and during follow-up, and the complications and thyroid function were assessed. Results The procedures were tolerated well in all the patients without causing any severe complications. Two patient experienced temporary nerve palsy, and recovered within 30 minutes after suspending the operation. Two patient bleed slightly after RFA,and the blood were disappeared after a week. At the 6-month follow-up, all (100%) the 56 nodules had volume reduction ratios (VRRs) of more than 50%, among which 18 (32.1%) had VRRs more than 90%. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous BRFA for benign thyroid nodules seems to be an effective and safe method. It may be used widely in clinical practice.