Objective To study the relationship between blood flow of central retinal artery and visual outcomes in diabetic patients with vitrectomy. Methods This is a retrospective nonrandomized clinical case study. A total collection of 53 eyes of 53 patients（from May 2014 to October 2016） with prolife diabetic retinopathy (PDR) had been involved in the study. The relationship between blood flow of central retinal artery and visual outcomes were observed. Results All patients have increased best corrected visual acuity by 1.125 +/- 0.90 in one month postoperation averagely. Through multiple linear regression analysis and scatter diagram analysis, postoperative vision is only related to preoperative visual acuity, with no clear relationship between the central retinal artery blood flow and postoperative vision. Conclusion The postoperative vision of diabetic retinopathy patients mainly related to its preoperative visual acuity, and there is no clear relationship between the central retinal artery blood flow and the postoperative vision .