Thyroid nodules are lumps of one or more tissue structures that occur in the thyroid gland in a variety of reasons. In recent years，along with the widespread application of high resolution ultrasound，improve the discovery rate of thyroid nodule，but of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in preoperative judgment is still no unified standard. Present stage，high frequency ultrasound examination，ECT and fineneedle aspiration biopsy cytology are often used to determine the benign and malignant preoperative thyroid nodules.With the development of medical diagnostic techniques，the level of diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules has been continuously improved.In this paper, the current status of thyroid nodule examination is reviewed in this paper, which is intended to provide a theoretical reference for evaluating the benign and malignant thyroid gland.