ABSTRACT Objective To explore the ultrasonic features of peroneus communis nerve in fiblular bone of type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy（DPN） patients. Methods Sixty-two patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into the DPN group including 32 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the non-DNP group including 30 patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy。28 cases of non diabetic patients were also enrolled as the control group. All the subjects were examined with high-frequency ultrasound. The diameter（D1），anteroposterior diameter（D2） and cross-sectional area （CSA） were measured and compared among the three groups;given correlation analysis between the neural eletrophysiological examination and high frequency ultrasound examination of the DPN group. Results The diameter（D1），anteroposterior diameter（D2） and cross-sectional area （CSA） of the DNP group were higher than those of the non-DNP group and the control group （all P＜0.05）.The CSA of the DNP group was negative correlated with motor neural conduction velocity （MNCV） （r=-0.552，P＜0.01）. Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound can clearly show the size and morphology of the fibular bone of type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy，and provide objective base for clinical diagnosis.