Objective To investigate the ability of targeting in vitro melanoma of nanoparticle probe loaded with Gold Nanorod and observe its consequence of photoacoustic imaging in vitro. Methods The polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probe loaded with Gold Nanorod and liquid perfluorocarbon， and connected with MAGE-Antibody targeting melanoma was prepared in the use of double emulsion method and carbodiimide method．General physical property，the condition of MAGE-Antibody connected with nanoparticles and the ability of targeting of the probe were tested． The different concentration of nanoparticles was imaged by photoacoustic．The inhibiting effect of targeting nanoparticles on melanoma cells was evaluated in vitro． Results The targeting polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probes loaded with Gold Nanorod were prepared successfully with average particle diameter of(336．4±27．46)nm and Zeta potential(-4．34±4．9)mV， Gold Nanorod particles dispersed on the shell of the probes．MAGE-Antibody was successfully connected with the surface of the nanoprobes． There were massive targeting nanoprobes surround the melanoma cell strains B16 in the targeting group in vitro．The photoacoustic signal of the nanoprobes enhanced with the increase of Gold Nanorod concentration in photoacoustic experiment in vitro． Conclusion The prepared polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probe that was loaded with Gold Nanorod and connected with MAGE-Antibody targeting melanoma can be used as a photoacoustic contrast agent，which can inhibit the proliferation of melanoma by targeting photoacoustic therapy．