Objective To explore the application value of real-time ultrasonic shear wave elastography in acute muscle injury. Methods 20 healthy adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided into healthy group and injury group. Injury group were made into acute muscle contusion model. Real-time ultrasonic shear wave elastography was performed in each rabbit. The Young’s modulus were obtained from normal muscles and injured muscles at 12 hours, 1 days, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 14 days after contusion. Then the specimens were taken for pathological observation. Results The young's modulus after injury in different time average value (Emean) and maximum modulus (Emax) values were significantly higher than the normal group（F Emean= 10.216 ,P Emean =0.000; F Emax =11.286,P Emax =0.000））. The Mean values and the Max values of Young’s modulus were increase gradually in 1 days after injury, then showed a gradual decrease. Pathological findings showed that the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells was not the same at different time points （χ2=46.588，P=0.000）, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was most significant at first days after injury. Conclusion As a new technology, Ultrasonic shear wave elastography can well observe the changes of muscle damage and the healing in acute muscle injury. So it can provide a reliable basis for the clinical assessment of muscle injury.