Objective To evaluate the clinical application of real-time shear wave elasticity imaging (SWE) in the measurement of testicular hardness in male patients with oligospermia. Methods 118 patients with oligospermia were enrolled in this study. Five hundred healthy volunteers with normal testis and without urinary diseases were selected. while oligozoospermia patients were divided into three groups: 33 cases of mild oligozoospermia, 35 cases of moderate oligozoospermia, 50 cases of mild oligospermia and azoospermia. All the people were measured with SWE technology and compare the values of elastic modulus of each group. Results There was no significant difference in the elastic modulus between the patients with mild and moderate oligospermia and the healthy volunteers (p> 0.05). There was significant difference in the maximum and mean values of the elastic modulus values of the patients with severe oligospermia and the healthy volunteers (p <0.05). When testicular elastic modulus maximum value of 4.25 kpa, the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic)curve up to 0.88, the sensitivity and specific degrees were 79%, 76%. Conclusion The SWE technique can accurately evaluate the hardness and uniformity of testicular tissue, and Sprovide the basis for the clinical study of oligospermia patients.