ABSTRACT Objective To explore the values of cranial ultrasonography (cUS) on diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy and analyze the incidence rate of encephalopathy with myocardial damage. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Neonatal Intense Care Unit of department of Pediatrics in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University in China from January to June 2016. 45 premature infants and 40 term infants were selected. All these neonates received cUS to detect intracranial structure and the brain blood flow. The incidence rate of encephalopathy with myocardial damage in the two groups were compared. Results 32 cases of premature and 29 cases of term were clinically confirmed encephalopathy. According to the results of cUS, 24 cases of premature group and 15 cases of term group were abnormal.The incidence rate of myocardial damage in premature with encephalopathy was higher than its in term infants.There was significant difference in the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions cUS is of great value on diagnosing of neonatal encephalopathy. Neonates, especially premature, in the occurrence of encephalopathy can be combined with myocardial damage,which should be highly valued.