The hemodialysis pathway is the lifeline of patients with end-stage renal disease. Autologous arteriovenous fistula is the most commonly used vascular access. However, autologous arteriovenous fistulas have a high incidence of maturation disorders. Preoperative assessment, regular monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of autogenous arteriovenous fistula maturation disorders are crucial for patients with end-stage renal disease. This article reviews the application progress of ultrasound in the maturation disorders of the autologous arteriovenous fistulas.