With the increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), its research has become a global hotspot. At present, the detection of PTMC mainly relies on Doppler ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PTMC, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and elastography have also been studied and applied. Although PTMC has a good prognosis, its small tumor size and occult onset make a certain degree of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and patients with PTMC still have a risk of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, Whether PTMC patients should be treated immediately by surgical resection and surgical resection should be added to the central lymph node are the controversy in its treatment. Therefore, evaluating whether PTMC patients have lymph node metastasis has a guiding value for their treatment and can avoid over-treatment.This article describes the research progress of ultrasound medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of PTMC.