Pulmonary diseases are the most common respiratory diseases in neonates. Ultrasound has been successfully used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases in recent years. Ultrasound examination is simple, easy to learn, accurate and reliable, and convenient for dynamic observation. Especially for neonatal critically ill patients, it is convenient for bedside examination and can be used as the first choice for screening or diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. This article reviews the clinical application of high frequency ultrasound in neonatal pulmonary diseases in recent years.