Objective To evaluate the value of real-time shear wave elastography and serum fibrosis markers in evaluating liver fibrosis in rabbits. Methods A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (40,subcutaneous injection of CCl4 olive oil solution),control group (8,subcutaneous injection of normal saline).At 4,8,12 and 16 weeks after the experiment,eight rabbits in the experimental group and two rabbit in the control group,were randomly selected for SWE,serum fibrosis markers and pathological examination.An analysis was made to determine whether the Emean value and serum fibrosis markers were correlated with the pathological stages of hepatic fibrosis and evaluate their diagnostic efficiency on the liver fibrosis severities by using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The 32 rabbits were successfully molded,and the pathology showed that the hepatic lobules were in varying degrees of fibrosis.The difference of Emean value in each stage was statistically significant,The relevance between Emean value and liver fibrosis stage was greater than that of serum fibrosis markers (P < 0.05).The area under the curve for diagnosing Emean value equal or greater than S1,S2,S3 and S4 were greater than 0.90,is higher than that of the CIV,PIIINP and LN,and is higher than HA in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis equal or greater than S2,S3,S4(P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Emean value for diagonsing significant liver fibrosis were higher than 89%,significantly better than serum fibrosis markers (P < 0.05),except for the specificity of the HA value in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis equal or greater than pathological stage. Conclusions The diagnostic efficacy of Emean value measured by SWE of experimental rabbits was higher than that of serum fibrosis markers.