Primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT) is the most common type of parathyroid disease,it is famous for "small lesions and great harm".With the continuous progress of image technology,the level of diagnosis and treatment of PHPT has been continuously improved.Ultrasound has become the preferred imaging method for diagnosing PHPT because of its unique advantages.In this paper, the advantages and progress of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of PHPT are introduced.