objective To explore the effect of PBL teaching combined with role-playing teaching method in clinical teaching of pediatric ultrasound. Methods 68 undergraduate students of the imaging department enrolled in the ultrasound department were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group，with 34 cases in each group. The observation group applied PBL teaching is combined with role-playing teaching method，while the control group applied traditional lecture-style teaching. The satisfaction，theoretical and practical results of the two groups were compared. Results The satisfaction of the observation group with the teaching method was 94.12%, significantly higher than that of the control group (76.47%), and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). The theoretical and practiccal scores of the students in the observation group were (90.6±2.6) and (85.7±2.3), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (75.7±4.1) and (74.9±2.9), with statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion In clinical teaching of pediatric ultrasound，PBL teaching combined with role-playing teaching method is more popular with the interns than the traditional teaching way， significantly improve the theoretical and practical ability of students.