【】H-type hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypertension have a synergistic effect on the heart.Changes in left atrial structure and function can occur in early stage of hypertension, and further development will lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction leading to heart failure. Left atrial dysfunction severely affects morbidity and mortality,but conventional echocardiography often underestimate abnormalities in cardiac structure and function in patients with early hypertension. This article reviews H-type hypertension; the effects of H-type hypertension on the heart and the technical advances in echocardiography on cardiac structure and function.