Objective To study the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in posterior bulbar artery hemodynamics in patients with non-proliferative macular edema of diabetic retinopathy. Methods From October 2016 to October 2018, 30 patients (60 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 patients (46 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-proliferative macular edema were collected in Inner Mongolia People''s Hospital. The central retinal artery (CRA), ophthalmic artery (OA) and posterior ciliary short artery (PCA) of the two groups were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography. The blood flow parameters were analyzed. Results The blood flow spectra of CRA and PCA in the case group were lower than those in the control group, round and blunt, and the OA blood flow spectra in the case group were similar to those in the control group. The maximum systolic blood flow velocity (PSV), end diastolic blood flow velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) of CRA and PCA in the case group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CRA was 0.783 and 0.05, respectively. 0.720 and 0.692. The cut-off values were 7.655, 2.925 and 0.645, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 80.0%, 60.7%, 63.8% and 76.1%, 76.1% and 70.0%, respectively. Conclusion Ultrasound color Doppler can monitor the changes of posterior bulbar artery hemodynamics in DME and provide valuable information for the early stage treatment of DME.