Objective: To evaluate the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in the evaluation of the throwing injuries of upper arm in the military training. Methods: The sonographic features of 98 cases of the pain or dysfunction of upper arm post the military throwing training. Results: Among the 98 cases, the lesions located in shoulder in 37 cases, elbow in 28 cases and wrist in 33 cases, respectively. The sonographic diagnosis included shoulder synovitis (17 cases), subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis (11 cases), supraspinatus tendinopathy (6 cases), partial tear (2cases) and small avulsion fracture (1 case), elbow synovitis (12 cases), lateral epicondylitis (10 cases), ulnar collateral ligament injury (6 cases), wrist synovitis (22 cases), extensor carpi radialis tenosynovitis (9) and triangular fibrocartilage complex injury (2 cases). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is helpful for the precise evaluation of the throwing injuries of upper arm in the military training, suitable for the application in the primary military units.