Objective: To investigate the relationship between the ultrasonic vascular index (VI) and the clinicopathological features, tumor markers and angiogenesis indexes of thyroid cancer. Methods: 60 patients with thyroid cancer in our hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were selected as thyroid cancer group, 60 patients with thyroid adenoma as thyroid adenoma group. The levels of Vascularization index (VI), tumor markers and angiogenesis were compared between the two groups. The relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and VI value of thyroid cancer patients was analyzed by single factor analysis, and the correlation between VI and serum tumor markers and angiogenesis indicators was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The VI value, Serum thyroglobulin (TG), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Galactohydrin-3 (Gal-3), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Insulin like growth factor II (IGF-II) of thyroid cancer group were higher than those of thyroid adenoma group (P < 0.05). The level of VI was not related to gender, tumor diameter and pathological type (P > 0.05), but to TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of VI was positively correlated with the level of TG, CEA, Gal-3, VEGF, Ang-2 and IGF-II (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The value of VI in patients with thyroid cancer is significantly increased, which is related to TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and is positively related to the level of serum tumor markers and angiogenesis indicators. It can be used as an important reference index for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of patients with thyroid cancer.