Abstract:Objective To investigate the value of lung ultrasound in the dynamic observation of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in premature infants. Methods Thirty preterm infants diagnosed with RDS were transferred from our obstetrics department to the neonatal intensive care unit from June to December 2018 prospectively. Lung ultrasound was performed and scored before and after PS use at 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h. The aim was to observe the effect of PS on preterm neonates with RDS and the dynamic change of lung ultrasound at different times. Results Before the use of PS, 16 cases (53%) of the children showed bilateral white lung in lung ultrasound, 14 cases (47%) of alveolar interstitial syndrome, and 11 cases (37%) of subpleural lung consolidation; after 6 hours of PS use, 3 cases (10%) showed bilateral white lung, and 2 cases (6.7%) showed subpleural lung consolidation, which was significantly better than that before PS use, and the difference was statistically significant (c2 were 11.09 and 6.29, respectively; P was 0.001 and 0.012, respectively). At 12h, 18h, and 24h after PS use, bilateral white lung and lung consolidation were not seen in the lung ultrasound of all preterm neonates with RDS. Compared with that before PS, the difference was statistically significant (c2 = 19.18, P <0.001), but the difference was not statistically significant compared with that at 6 hours after PS use (c2 = 1.40, P = 0.24). Further, lung ultrasound score was used for analysis. The lung ultrasound score at 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h after PS was 19.3 ± 4.0, 17.4 ± 3.9, 17.6 ± 4.0, and 17.9 ± 4.2, respectively, which was lower than that before PS use. And the difference was statistically significant (all P< 0.05). However, the differences of lung ultrasound score at 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h after PS use were not statistically significant (all P> 0.05). Conclusion Lung ultrasound can dynamically evaluate the effect of PS in the treatment of preterm neonates with RDS. After 6 hours of PS, the pulmonary condition can be improved significantly.