Renal biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renal pathological changes, However, this method is an invasive examination, and there are potential risks and clinical contraindications, so it has certain limitations in clinical application. In addition, due to the limitation of medical technology and conditions, renal biopsy can not be performed in some places. Compared with renal biopsy, ultrasound elastography has the advantages of economy, noninvasive, real-time monitoring, and plays an important auxiliary role in evaluating the changes of kidney stiffness and elasticity in children. This paper summarizes the application and the latest research progress of ultrasound elastography in children with kidney disease.