Objective To investigate the efficacy of ultrasound E-cervix technique in evaluating cervical function in predicting preterm birth. Methods 200 pregnant women and 100 patients who received regular pre-pregnancy examinations in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected. Ultrasound E-cervix technology was used to evaluate cervical function. In the delivery group, the general data, cervical length (CL), elastic contrast index (ECI), cervical external os strain rate (EOS), cervical internal os strain rate (IOS), and cervical internal and external os strain ratio (IOS/EOS) were compared between the two groups. , hardness ratio (HR), the multivariate Logistic regression equation was used to analyze the related influencing factors of preterm birth, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the value of ultrasonic E-cervix technical parameters in predicting preterm birth. Results The history of cervical surgery in the preterm group was higher than that in the full-term group (P<0.05); CL, IOS, IOS/EOS in pregnancy were higher than those in proliferative and secretory periods, and HR was lower than those in proliferative and secretory periods (P<0.05). ); CL and HR in the preterm group were lower than those in the term group, and ECI, IOS, IOS/EOS were higher than those in the term group (P<0.05); history of cervical surgery, ECI, IOS, and IOS/EOS were associated risk factors for preterm birth , CL and HR were related protective factors for preterm birth (P<0.05); the area under the ROC curve of CL, ECI, IOS, IOS/EOS and HR for predicting preterm birth were 0.802, 0.745, 0.795, 0.795, 0.803, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.803. Conclusion ECI, IOS, IOS/EOS are related risk factors for preterm birth, CL and HR are related protective factors for preterm birth. Ultrasound E-cervix technology can detect the above parameters to evaluate cervical function, so as to accurately predict preterm birth.