Objective The preliminary study to explore the relationship between novel arterial stiffness indices and ventricular–vascular coupling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Eighty-nine patients with T2DM were divided into two groups according to combined with hypertension (HBP) or not: diabetes mellitus with normal blood pressure (DM) group and diabetes mellitus with HBP (DM+HBP) group. Fifty-four age-and gender-matched subjects were in the control group. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure, central artery pulse pressure, the arterial velocity pulse index (AVI), the arterial pressure volume index (API), effective arterial elasticity (Ea), left ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees) and ventricular-vascular coupling index (VVI, VVI=Ea/Ees) were obtained from the subjects respectively. The parameters were compared by variance analysis. The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results ①The systolic blood pressure, the diastolic blood pressure, the central systolic blood pressure and the central artery pulse pressure were higher in the DM+HBP group than in the DM group and the control group (all P＜0.05). ②AVI, API and Ea were higher in the DM+HBP group than in the DM group and the control group (all P＜0.05), but Ees and VVI was no significant difference among the three groups (all P＞0.05). ③Ea was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure, central artery pulse pressure and AVI (all P<0.05). Ees was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, central systolic blood pressure and AVI (all P<0.05).Conclusions Arterial elasticity and ventricular elasticity increase in parallel in diabetic patients, and the two are matched coupled; increased novel arterial stiffness indices positively correlates with the indices of ventricular–vascular coupling.