| 摘要: |
| 目的：探讨盆底超声在孕龄期妇女盆底结构变化及盆腔功能障碍性疾病中的应用价值。方法：应用经会阴盆底超声测量167例单胎、顺产孕妇各孕期膀胱颈移动度（BND）、宫颈外口移动度（CD）、膀胱后角（RVA）、盆膈裂孔面积（LHA）、前后径（LR）、横径（HA），分析产程特点与产后盆底结构异常类型，总结盆腔功能障碍性疾病的发生与康复效能的对比。结果：盆底超声指标BND、CD、RVA、LHA、LR、HA随孕周增加而增加，组间对比差异于孕晚期开始出现（P＜0.05）；观察组内比较，孕晚期、产时、产后与孕早期、中期有统计学差异，且在产时达到最大（P＜0.05），孕早期与孕中期无统计学差异（P＞0.05）；产后与对照组有统计学差异（P＜0.05）；较长产程及机械助产与产后盆底结构异常存在相关性；参与盆底功能康复治疗的女性盆底功能障碍性疾病发生率明显低于未参与者，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：妊娠和阴道分娩可影响女性盆底结构，增加盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生风险，盆底超声能直观反映妊娠期、产时及产后女性的盆底结构，且具有无创、无辐射、可重复等突出优势，对预防及诊断妊娠期、产后女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生有重要临床意义。 |
| 关键词: 盆底超声 孕龄期 盆底结构 盆腔功能障碍性疾病 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2022-10-15修订日期：2023-06-30 |
| 基金项目: |
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| The Application Research of Pelvic Floor Ultrasound in the Changes of Pelvic Floor Structure and the Occurrence of Pelvic Dysfunction Diseases in Pregnant Women |
| wang li,wang lu,zhang li |
| () |
| Abstract: |
| Objective: To explore the application value of pelvic floor ultrasound in the changes of pelvic floor structure and pelvic dysfunction in pregnant women. Methods: 167 pregnant women who were singleton pregnancy and spontaneous delivery received dynamic examination of pelvic floor ultrasound for the measurement of the mobility of bladder neck (BND), the mobility of external cervix (CD), posterior horn of bladder (RVA), area of diaphragmatic hiatus (LHA), anteroposterior diameter (LR), transverse diameter (HA) during early pregnancy, second pregnancy, late pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. The characteristics of labor and the abnormal types of postpartum pelvic floor structure were analyzed. The incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction diseases and the efficacy of pelvic floor rehabilitation were compared. Results: The pelvic floor ultrasound indexes BND, CD, RVA, LHA, LR and HA gradually increased with gestational age. The difference between control group and observation group was found in the third trimester (P < 0.05).Within the observation group, there was a statistical difference between the third trimester, intrapartum(the maximum), the postpartum period and the first trimester (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the first and second trimester indicators (P>0.05).Postpartum and control group had statistical significance (P< 0.05).Long labor and mechanical assisted labor were correlated with abnormal structure of postpartum pelvic floor. The incidence of pelvic floor dysfunction diseases in women who participated in pelvic floor function rehabilitation was significantly lower than that of non-participants, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both pregnancy and vaginal delivery have a serious impact on female pelvic floor function and increase the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction. Pelvic floor ultrasound can clearly and intuitively reflect the pelvic floor structure of women during pregnancy and after delivery, and is noninvasive. Outstanding advantages such as nonradiative and repeatability have important clinical significance for preventing and diagnosing the occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunction diseases in pregnant women and postpartum women. |
| Key words: pelvic floor ultrasound gestational age pelvic floor structure pelvic dysfunction disease |
