Objective To explore the application of transperineal shear wave elastography combined with anterior chamber structure parameters in the screening of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) for puerperae undergoing natural delivery. Methods A total of 91primiparas undergoing reexamination at 42d after natural delivery in the hospital were enrolled between May 2020 and October 2022, including 44cases with POP in observation group and 47cases without POP in control group. Allunderwent routine ultrasound and shear wave elastography to obtain anterior chamber structure parameters and elastic modulus of levator ani in rest state and maximum Valsalva (Valsalva) state. Results In rest state, UTA and BNS in observation group were lower than those in control group, while PUA was greater than that in control group (P<0.05). In Valsalva state, UTA and PUA in observation group were greater than those in control group, while BNS was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). RUA in observation group was greater than that in control group(P<0.05), maximum elastic modulus (△Emax) and mean elastic modulus (△Emean) attached to the inferior ramus of pubis, muscular abdomen and the posterior site of levator ani were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of shear wave elastography combined with anterior chamber structure parameters were 88.64% (39/44), 95.74% (45/47) and 92.31% (84/91),respectively. Conclusion The systole function of levator ani is declined in natural delivery puerpera after POP. The measurement of levator ani by shear wave elastography combined with anterior chamberstructure parameters is conducive to the screening of postpartum POP.