Objective To analyze the value of ultrasound examinationindex on the first day after arteriovenous fistula creation in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods A total of 147 patients with chronic renal failure who needed autologous arteriovenous fistuloplasty in our hospital were selected. Ultrasound on the 1 day after operation for arteriovenous fistula（AVF）to obtained cephalic vein diameter (CVD), radial artery diameter (RAD), brachial artery blood flow volume(FV).complications of arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Evaluation the complications of arteriovenous fistula(AVF) and divided into normal arteriovenous fistula structure group and complications group.All patients underwent AVF maturation evaluation 6 weeks after surgery.patients''general data and ultrasound examinationindex were compared between normal arteriovenous fistula structure group and complications group，the mature group and immature group of the normal arteriovenous fistula structure were also compared. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound examinationindex in predicting maturation of AVF.Results Among these 147 patients，divided into normal arteriovenous fistula structure group(n=116)and complications group(n=31)according to AVF complications.There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, gender ratio,primary diseases，surgical site,surgical methods,and RAD.CVD,brachial artery blood flow volume were different between the two groups(all P<0.001).Among these 116 normal arteriovenous fistula structure patients,divided into mature group(n=95)and immature group(n=21)according to AVF maturation evaluation 6 weeks after surgery.There were no significant differences in age, gender ratio,surgical site,surgical methods,CVD,and RAD between mature group and immature group.Primary diseases and brachial artery blood flow volume were different between mature group and immature group(all P<0.05).The AUC of brachial artery blood flow volume to predict AVF maturation was 0.899（95%CI 0.840～0.958，P＜0.001），the best cut-off value of brachial artery blood flow volume was 407ml/min.with the sensibility and specificity of 86.3% and 85.7%.Conclusion First day after arteriovenous fistula creation in patients with chronic renal failure，ultrasound helps to early diagnosis the complications of AVF，and brachial artery blood flow volume ＞407 ml/min has some value in predicting the maturation of AVF.